Translation and Validation of the TANGO Nocturia Screening Tool into Greek

Athanasios Zachariou,1,2 Maria Filiponi,2 Aris Kaltsas,1 Fotios Dimitriadis,3 Vagia Sapouna,2 Ioannis Giannakis,1 Charalampos Mamoulakis,4 Andreas Karagiannis,1 Athanasios Zikopoulos,1 Minas Paschopoulos,5 Atsushi Takenaka,6 Nikolaos Sofikitis1 1Urology Department, Ioannina University, Ioannina, Greece; 2Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Centre EU PRATTEIN, Volos, Greece; 3 1st Urology Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece; 4Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Crete, Greece; 5Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; 6Urology Department, School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, JapanCorrespondence: Athanasios ZachariouUrology Department, Ioannina University, 3 Spyridi Street, Volos, 38221, GreeceTel +306937227778Fax +302421026932Email zahariou@otenet.grPurpose: The present study aimed to translate the Targeting the individual’s Aetiology of Nocturia to Guide Outcomes Questionnaire (TANGO) into the Greek language to create TANGO-Gr. A relative reliability study in prospective samples of community dwellers and rehabilitation centre residents was undertaken in order to validate the translation. In terms of nocturia severity, these groups were considered to be representative of patients at both ends of the scale, and therefore suitable validation purposes.Patients and Methods: The prospective descriptive study took place between 07 and 09/2020. Fifty residents in a rehabilitation centre and thirty-seven community dwellers were included in the study. All participants had more than one episode of nocturia per night. They were asked to complete the newly translated TANGO-Gr Questionnaire twice (test–retest procedure). TANGO-Gr includes three possible answers (“yes”, “no”, and “DK/NA”) to facilitate increased validity. The study group evaluated the socio and demographic characteristics, the level of independence and the comprehensive frailty of all participants.Results: Both groups satisfactorily completed questionnaire responses. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.753 (community-dwelling people: 0.776; rehabilitation centre residents: 0.531). A test–retest statistical analysis to determine reliability found an overall median Kappa of 0.88 (IQR: 0.79– 0.94) in community dwellers and 0.91 (IQR: 0.84– 1.00) in rehabilitation centre residents, thereby confirming an almost perfect respective agreement.Conclusion: The validity of the newly translated TANGO-Gr Questionnaire was proven. It should be considered to be a reliable, self-administered screening tool suitable for clinical practice, and therefore invaluable for Greek-speaking people. The study also determined that certain environment-related variables may contribute to nocturia in rehabilitation centre populations, which is a finding which invites further study.Keywords: nocturia, TANGO Questionnaire, translation, validation, Greek