Internistička patologija

Internistička patologija relativno je nov pojam koji obuhvaća dio patologije koji se bavi patohistološkom dijagnostikom pretežito netumorskih stanja, a u manjoj mjeri tumora, u različitim granama interne medicine, poput pulmologije, hematologije, nefrologije, gastroenterologije, dermatologije i imunologije. Uvidom u morfološke promjene bolesnih tkiva patolog postavlja dijagnozu koja se uz dodatne kliničke podatke dorađuje, međutim, patolog često odmah postavlja i definitivnu dijagnozu koja određuje daljnji tijek liječenja pacijenta. Internistička patologija obuhvaća vrlo složen i sofisticiran sustav dijagnostike u patologiji koji implementira bazičnu patohistološku dijagnostiku upotpunjenu histokemijskim, imunohistokemijskim, imunofluorescentnim i molekularnim tehnikama te elektronskomikroskopskom analizom. Oskudnost tkiva dobivenog pretežito tijekom različitih endoskopskih procedura te putem biopsije iglom jedna je od osobitosti ove grane patologije. Interpretacija promjena u analiziranim stanicama i tkivima često je ograničena dostupnošću kliničkih podataka o pacijentovu stanju, a korelacija morfoloških promjena s kliničkim podacima neophodna za ispravno postavljanje konačne dijagnoze. Iz navedenog se može zaključiti kako je internistička patologija dijagnostički vrlo zahtjevna i izazovna grana patologije koja koristi najsuvremenije pomoćne alate u cilju spoznaje patološkog supstrata bolesti, kako poznatih tako i novih internističkih entiteta.
Internistic pathology is a relatively new term that covers a part of the pathology which deals with the histopathologic diagnosis of predominantly non-tumor conditions, and to a lesser extent of the tumor, inside the various branches of internal medicine, such as pulmonology, hematology, nephrology, gastroenterology, dermatology and immunology. After examination of the morphological changes of diseased tissue the pathologist designates diagnosis that is worked out with additional clinical data. However, a pathologist often sets the definitive diagnosis immediately that determines the further course of the patient’s treatment. Internistic pathology includes a complex and sophisticated system of diagnostics in pathology that implements basic pathohistological diagnostics integrated with histochemical, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence and molecular techniques as well as electron microscopic analysis. Paucity of tissue obtained mainly during various endoscopic procedures and through the needle biopsy is one of the peculiarities of this pathological branch. Interpretation of changes in the analyzed cells and tissues is often limited by the availability of clinical data on the patient’s condition and the correlation of morphological changes with the clinical data is necessary to complete the diagnosis properly. From the above it can be concluded that from the diagnostic point of view the internistic pathology is very demanding and challenging branch of pathology that uses the most recent tools to acquire the knowledge of pathological substrate of disease for known as well as for unknown clinical entities. Key words: biopsy; diagnosis; internal medicine; microscopy; pathology