Fall as undesirable occurrences in hematological patients

Padovi bolesnika za vrijeme hospitalizacije na Odjelu hematologije predstavljaju ozbiljan problem koji utječe na sigurnost i kvalitetu života bolesnika za vrijeme liječenja. Cilj rada bio je ustanoviti učestalost padova bolesnika na Odjelu hematologije tijekom godinu dana, najčešće faktore rizika za pad, uzroke pada i posljedice pada, te educirati sestrinsko osoblje o važnosti procjene rizika za pad i prevencije pada. Istraživanje je provedeno od 1. 1. 2013. do 1. 1. 2014. na Odjelu hematologije KB Merkur. Podaci o padu pacijenata prikupljeni su iz „Prijavnih lista za pad bolesnika“, izvješća o incidentu, povijesti bolesti, terapijske liste, sestrinskih zapažanja i temperaturne liste. Za procjenu rizika za pad služili smo se Morseovom ljestvicom. Tijekom 2013. godine na Odjelu hematologije prijavljeno je 20 padova bolesnika. Najčešći uzroci padova bili su opća slabost, nesvjestica, vrtoglavica, anemija, smanjena pokretljivost, febrilitet, nekritičnost pacijenta, smetenost, promjena okoline, nesurađivanje pacijenta. Kod osamnaest padova (90%) bila su prisutna više od tri faktora rizika za pad. Nakon devet padova (45%) nije bilo nikakvih posljedica, a nakon njih jedanaest (55%) najčešće posljedice su bile bol na mjestu traume nakon četiri pada (36%) te hematomi nakon pet padova (45%). Prema Morseovoj skali 17 padova (85%) zabilježeno je kod pacijenata koji su imali visoki rizik za pad. Zbog brojnih čimbenika rizika, hematološki bolesnici imaju veliki rizik za pad za vrijeme hospitalizacije. U svrhu poboljšanja kvalitete našeg rada trebalo bi unaprijediti provođenje procjene rizika za pad, redovitu edukaciju i osigurati dovoljan broj sestrinskog osoblja.
Patients' falls during hospitalization at the Department of Hematology are a serious problem affecting the safety and quality of patients' lifes during the treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of falls in patients on the Hematology Department during one year, the most common factors for falling, causes and consequences of the falls, and to educate the nursing staff about the importance of risk assessment for the fall and fall prevention. The study was carried out between January 1st 2013 and January 1st 2014 at the Department of Hematology in Hospital Merkur. Information about the fall of the patients were collected from the "application sheets for patient's fall", incident reports, medical history, therapeutic lists, nursing observations and temperature charts. The Morse scale has been used to indicate the risk of falling. During 2013, the department of hematology reported 20 falls. The most common causes of falling were weakness, fainting, vertigo,anemia, reduced mobility, fever, uncritical patients, confusion and changes in the environment. In 18 patients' falls (90%) there were more than three risk factors for the fall. Nine falls had no consequences, while in the remaining eleven (55%) the most common were the pain at the site of trauma after four falls (36%) and hematoma after five falls (45%). According to the Morse scale 17 falls (85%) appeared in the patients with high risk for falling. Because of the many risk factors, hematology patients have a high risk for a fall during hospitalization. In order to improve the quality of our work we should improve fall risk assessment, conduct regular education and ensure adequate number of nursing staff.