Pathological changes on oral mucosa in pregnant women

Ciljevi: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati postoji li razlika u pojavnosti patoloških promjena na sluznici usne šupljine u trudnica u odnosu na žene koje nisu trudne. Metode i materijali: Anamnestički su se od ispitanica (N = 48) uzimali podaci o tome puše li, imaju li kronične bolesti i subjektivne simptome u usnoj šupljini. Napravljen je klinički pregled, sijalometrija i izmjeren pH sline. Ispitnu skupinu su činile 24 trudnice, a kontrolnu skupinu 24 žene reproduktivne dobi koje nisu trudne. Rezultati: Rezultati su potvrdili statistički značajnu razliku u količini izlučene sline tijekom pet minuta (P = 0,000) i pH vrijednosti sline (P = 0,000) između trudnica i kontrola. Također je utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u ispitnoj skupini prije i tijekom trudnoće u učestalosti subjektivnih simptoma u usnoj šupljini (P = 0,012), suhoći usne šupljine (P = 0,028) i broju dijagnoza (P = 0,000). Zaključci: Trudnice imaju smanjenu salivaciju i niži pH u odnosu na žene reproduktivne dobi koje nisu trudne. Tijekom trudnoće je došlo do povećanja učestalosti simptoma u usnoj šupljini, porasta suhoće usne šupljine i povećane učestalosti pojave patoloških promjena na sluznice usne šupljine u odnosu na vrijeme prije trudnoće. Svakako bi trebalo provesti više istraživanja na ovu temu, obuhvatiti veći broj ispitanica i pratiti ispitnu skupinu prije, tijekom i nakon trudnoće.
Objectives: The aims of this study were to invastigate whether there is a difference in the incidence of oral mucosal changes in pregnant women compared to non – pregnant women of reproductive age. Materials and Methods: Patient madical data (pregnant and non – pregnant subjects) was collected from the subjects (N = 48) on whether they smoke, whether they have chronic disease and subjective symptoms in the oral cavity. A clinical examination, sialometry and pH value of saliva were measured. The study group consisted of 24 pregnant women and the control group consisted of 24 non – pregnant women of reproductive age. Results: The results confirmed a statistically significant difference in saliva secreted during 5 minutes (P = 0,000) and pH values (P = 0,000) between pregnant and non – pregnant subjects. A statistically significant difference was also found in the study group before and during pregnancy in the frequency of symptoms in the oral cavity (P = 0,012), mouth dryness (P = 0,028 ) and number od diagnoses (P = 0,000). Conclusion: Pregnant subjects have lower salivary flow and lower pH value compared to non – pregnant women of reproductive age. During pregnancy, there was an increase in the frequency of symptoms in the oral cavity, an increse in the dryness of the oral cavity and an increase in the frequency of pathological changes in the oral mocosa compered to time before pregnancy. Certainly, more research should be conducted on this topic, a larger number of test subjects should be included and the study group should be monitored before, during and after pregnancy.