Development of a smart home system based on M5Stack and Raspberry PI open source platforms

Da bi pametna kuća bila "pametna" potrebna je određena razina autonomije i "pametnog" upravljanja energijom. Autonomija je izvedena PI regulatorom koji upravlja grijanjem i hlađenjem prostorije. Također, PI regulator može se smatrati i mjerom štednje energije zbog svoje povratne veze odnosno zato što na svaku promjenu reagira postupno i izbjegava nepotrebno korištenje maksimalne snage uređaja. Za implementaciju korišteni su Home Assistant instaliran na Raspberry Pi 4, 2 M5Stacka i 2 Croduina NOVA2. Uređaji su podijeljeni na razine ovisno o ulozi: na najnižoj razini nalaze se Croduini NOVA2 kao sučelja s fizičkim uređajima. Na srednjoj razini nalaze se M5Stackovi koji nude grafičko korisničko sučelje i mogućnost podešavanja parametara pametne kuće (npr. ciljana temperatura zraka). Na najvišoj razini nalazi se Home Asistant čija je uloga povezivanje komponenata druge i treće razine, ali ima i mogućnost nadjačavanja upravljanja koje nude M5Stackovi na svojoj drugoj razini. Svi uređaji povezani su WiFi-jem u lokalnu mrežu i komuniciraju protokolom MQTT. In order to achive the "smartness" of a smart home, a certain level of autonomy and "smart" energy management are required. The autonomy is implemented using PI regulation which is in control of heating and cooling a room. Furthermore, PI regulator can also be interpreted as a measure for saving energy as it reacts to each temperature change gradually and tries to avoid unneccessary usage of heating or cooling device power. Home Assistant installed on a Raspberry Pi 4 paired with two M5Stacks and two Croudino NOVA2s were used to implement the system. The devices were divided into layers based on their role in the whole system: the lowest layer is represented by the Croudino NOVA2s which are the systems interfaces with physical devices. The middle layer is represented by two M5Stacks which offer a graphical user interface that enables the user to set the smart home parameters (e.g. target room temperature). The top layer is represented by Home Assistant which is in charge of enabling the lower two levels to communicate, but it also has the ability to override the middle layers control. All the mentioned devices are connected over Wi-Fi in a local network and use MQTT protocol to communicate.