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Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair: Preclinical Studies and Insights in Translational Animal Models and Outcome Measures

Authors :
Lo Monaco, Melissa
Merckx, Greet
Ratajczak, Jessica
Gervois, Pascal
Hilkens, Petra
Clegg, Peter
Bronckaers, Annelies
Vandeweerd, Jean-Michel
Lambrichts, Ivo
Source :
Stem Cells International.
Publication Year :
2018
Publisher :
Hindawi, 2018.

Abstract

Due to the restricted intrinsic capacity of resident chondrocytes to regenerate the lost cartilage postinjury, stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach for cartilage repair. Moreover, stem cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been used successfully in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite these promising reports, the exact mechanisms underlying stem cell-mediated cartilage repair remain uncertain. Stem cells can contribute to cartilage repair via chondrogenic differentiation, via immunomodulation, or by the production of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles. But before novel cell-based therapies for cartilage repair can be introduced into the clinic, rigorous testing in preclinical animal models is required. Preclinical models used in regenerative cartilage studies include murine, lapine, caprine, ovine, porcine, canine, and equine models, each associated with its specific advantages and limitations. This review presents a summary of recent in vitro data and from in vivo preclinical studies justifying the use of MSCs and iPSCs in cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing small and large animals will be discussed, while also describing suitable outcome measures for evaluating cartilage repair. The study was performed within the framework of the cooperation between the University of Namur and Hasselt University. Melissa Lo Monaco is funded by “Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds” and “Fonds Spécial de Recherche” (BOF16DOCNA02-FSR-confin UHasselt-UNamur). Jessica Ratajczak, Pascal Gervois, Petra Hilkens, and Annelies Bronckaers are funded by “Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek.” Greet Merckx is funded by “Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds.”

Subjects

Subjects :
Article Subject

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1687966X
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Stem Cells International
Accession number :
edsair.dedup.wf.001..c3193b894c5898650e974e8d58f17d5c
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9079538