Utjecaj dodatka pogače sjemenki bundeve i ekstrudiranog lana u hrani koza na proizvodna svojstva, masnokiselinski sastav mlijeka i metabolički profil

Istraživanje je provedeno s 28 koza pasmine francuska alpina, na obiteljskom poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu Đurković, tijekom 75 dana. Hranidba koza temeljila se na sijenu ad libitum i 1 kg/dan krmne smjese. Jarad je sisala tijekom dva mjeseca i hranjena je krmnom smjesom i sijenom ad libitum. Koze su bile hranjene smjesom koja je sadržavala sačmu soje i ekstrudiranu soju (Kontrolna), zatim smjesom koja je sadržavala pogaču sjemenki bundeve (PSB; 160 g/kg) uz potpunu zamjenu soje te smjesom koja je sadržavala ekstrudirani lan (ELS; 90 g/kg) uz djelomičnu zamjenu soje. Nakon 20., 48. i 75. dana istraživanja utvrđene su fenotipske odlike koza i njihove jaradi, kao i količina te kemijski sastav mlijeka. Također, uzeti su i uzorci krvi za hematološku analizu na hematološkom analizatoru te je utvrđena i diferencijalna krvna slika. U uzorcima krvnog seruma utvrđeni su biokemijski pokazatelji, aktivnost enzima jetre te enzima glutation peroksidaze (GPx) i superoksid dismutaze (SOD). U uzorcima mlijeka utvrđen je i masnokiselinski profil, 20. i 75. dana istraživanja, plinsko-tekućom kromatografijom. Dodaci PSB i ELS u hranidbi koza i jaradi nisu uzrokovali značajnije promjene fenotipskih odlika koza i njihove jaradi. Količina i osnovni kemijski sastav mlijeka nisu se značajno razlikovali između skupina. Dodatak PSB smanjio je koncentraciju linolne kiseline (LA, C18:2 n-6) pri čemu je zadržana koncentracija poželjnih C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C18:1 cis-9, C18:1 trans-11 i CLA masnih kiselina. Dodatak ELS doveo je do povećanja koncentracije C18:3 n-3 (ALA) u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Ista je hranidba dovela do smanjenja omjera LA/ALA u mlijeku. Metabolički profil koza i njihove jaradi nije se značajnije mijenjao, osim povećanja aktivnosti GPx u jaradi 75. dana istraživanja. Navedeni rezultati ukazuju na mogućnost implementacije PSB i ELS u obroke koza bez narušavanja proizvodnih svojstava, metaboličkog profila te uz poboljšanje masnokiselinskog profila s dodatkom ELS.
The research was carried out with 28 goats of French Alpine breed on family farm Đurković, during 75 days. Feeding of goats was based on hay ad libitum and 1 kg/day of feed mixture. Goat kids were suckling during two months, and were fed with feed mixture and hay ad libitum. Goats were fed with feed mixture containing soybean meal and extruded soybeen (Control), as well as feed mixture containing pumpkin seed cake (PSB; 160 g/kg) completely replacing soybeen, and extruded linseed (ELS; 90 g/kg) partially replacing soybeen. After 20, 48 and 75 days of research, phenotypic characteristics of goats and their kids, as well as yield and chemical composition of milk, were determined. Likewise, blood samples were taken for haematology parameters on hematology analyser. Also, differential blood picture was observed. Biochemical parameters, enzyme activity of liver as well as glutathion peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detemined in blood serum. The fatty acid profile of milk samples was carried out 20th and 75th day of research with liquid-gas chromatography. Addition of PSB and ELS in feed mixtures did not influence sharp changes in phenotypic characteristics of goats and their kids. Yield and gross composition of milk did not differ significantly between groups. Addition of PSB lowered concentration of linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), and maintained concentration of diserable C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C18:1 cis-9, C18:1 trans-11 and CLA fatty acids. Addition of ELS increased concentration of C18:3 n-3 (ALA) compared to Control group. The same feed mixture decreased LA/ALA ratio in milk. Metabolic profile of goats and their kids did not differ much between groups, except higher GPx activity of kids 75th day of research. Abovementioned results indicate the posibility of PSB and ELS implementation in goats diets without any sharp changes in production traits and metabolic profile, with improvement of fatty acids profile when ELS was added.