The framing of public knowledge controversies in the media: a comparative analysis of the portrayal of badger vaccination in the English national, regional and farming press

This paper maps the ‘knowledge controversy’ surrounding the control of bovine tuberculosis\ud (bTB) in England, which has become a highly politicized and controversial issue in recent\ud years. The disease, which is now costing the UK over £90 million each year, has received\ud substantial policy and media attention, particularly in relation to badgers and their role in its\ud spread. This paper focuses on the ways in which the various debates associated with bTB and\ud its control are presented in the press, with a specific emphasis on badger vaccination. The\ud analysis compares regional, national and farming press, and identifies a number of complex\ud dualisms against which the debate is framed. Three key dualisms are identified: (1) the\ud scientific evidence on which policy support for badger vaccination is based (science versus\ud practical reality); (2) the controversy surrounding the potential efficacy of proposed control\ud measures (badger vaccination versus badger culling); (and (3) the role of different\ud stakeholders in spreading/controlling the disease (victim versus culprit). These dualisms help\ud to explain the unclear policy direction and constant divisions between those who do and do\ud not support badger vaccination, and the continued status of bTB control as a public\ud knowledge controversy.