Textile integrable mechanochromic strain sensor based on the interplay of supramolecular interactions

Funding Information: The work was performed in the School of Chemical Engineering at Aalto University. The profilometry measurements were performed in Nanotalo which is a part of the Department of Applied Physics in the School of Science at Aalto University. The work was supported by Academy of Finland SUPER-WEAR project (decision number: 322214). The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time due to technical or time limitations. Funding Information: The work was performed in the School of Chemical Engineering at Aalto University. The profilometry measurements were performed in Nanotalo which is a part of the Department of Applied Physics in the School of Science at Aalto University. The work was supported by Academy of Finland SUPER-WEAR project (decision number: 322214). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors Mechanochromic materials, when exposed to mechanical deformation, undergo a modification of optical properties. This behaviour can stem from either conformational rearrangements, disruptions of intermolecular interactions, or molecular structure changes affecting absorption, emission, or reflection abilities. Here reversible colour change of Disperse Red 1/polyvinylpyrrolidone films resulting from humidity annealing and subsequent stretching is reported. Due to the humidity-induced blue shift of the absorbance peak related to exciton coupling of the chromophores, the tone of films abruptly changes from red to orange. Upon stretching, the gradual disaggregation of the chromophores takes place and therefore the colour switches back to red in a stepless manner. Using either red–green–blue analysis of time lapse photography or UV–Visible measurements, this transformation, which is also well visible by the naked eye, can be followed with high accuracy. This work offers the opportunity to apply the strain sensor inhumid environments to prevent the mechanical failures by showing a colour change in areas subjected to undesired stress. Moreover, dip-coating yarns with mechanochromic coating allows fabrication of functional yarns that change their colour based on their stretching state – thus enabling preparation of colour-changing stretchable textiles was demonstrated.