PROSTHETIC PLATFORM ON IMPLANTS

Implantoprotetika kompleksna je grana, koja predstavlja oblik terapije kod nedostatka zubi. Vrhunski obavljen kirurški dio terapije preduvjet je za izradu uspješnog protetskog nadomjestka, koji će pacijentu omogućiti normalno žvačnu funkciju i dobru estetiku. Dobra oseointegracija stvara stabilnost implantata i omogućava mu funkcionalno trajnost, ali da bi ostala stabilna situacija mekog i tvrdog tkiva bitan čimbenik je i protetska platforma. Jednodijelni implantološki sustavi imaju ograničenja zbog određenog smjera implantata, kojeg ne možemo korigirati implantantnom nadogradnjom. Na tržištu su se pojavili dvodijelni sustavi, koji rješavaju probleme koso položenih implantata i omogućavaju bolje manipuliranje mekog tkiva i time postizanja bolje estetike. Pojavom dvodijelnih implantoloških sustava razvijala se i protetska platforma na implantatima. Kroz povijest došlo je do različitih ideja i njihovih modifikacija. Trajnost implantoprotetske terapije ovisi o mehaničkoj stabilnosti spoja implantata i nadogradnje, koji je uvjetovan oblikom i vrstom protetske platforme. U početku koristili su se vanjski spojevi implantata i nadogradnje, ali su brzo zamijenjeni s unutarnjim spojevima u kombinaciji s različitim antirotacijskim elementima. Kod unutarnjih spojeva često se koristi Morseov konus, koji smanjuje mikropukotinu i probleme vezane uz to. Uvođenjem koncepta promjena platforme poboljšala se estetika takvih radova, što je posljedica pozitivnog utjecaja užeg promjera nadogradnje na koštana i meka tkiva. Korištenjem provjerenih implantoloških sustava izbjegavaju se tehničke i biološke komplikacije te je moguće predvidljivije planiranje terapije zbog čega su pacijenti zadovoljniji krajnjim rezultatom. Implant prosthetics is a complex branch of dentistry which treats the loss of teeth. A well-performed surgical part of the therapy is a prerequisite for the successful making of a prosthetic which is aesthetically acceptable and enables a normal chewing function. Good osseointegration creates the stability of the implant and enables the duration of its functionality. However, in order for the implants to be functional for a long time and to have a stable situation of terms of soft and hard tissue, an important is also the prosthetic platform. One-piece implant systems are limited due to the particular direction of the implant which cannot be adjusted through the upgrade of the implant. Two-piece implant systems are now available: they solve the problem of implants being placed askew and enable better manipulation of soft tissue which then enables better aesthetics. The emergence of two-piece implant systems enabled the further development of prosthetic platforms on implants. Many ideas and modifications were introduced over time. The durability of implant prosthetics therapy depends on the mechanical stability of the bond between the implant and the upgrade which is defined by the type and shape of the prosthetic platform. External bonds between implants and upgrades were used, but they were quickly replaced with internal bonds combined with various anti-rotational elements. The Morse taper is often used in the making of internal bonds because its use decreases the possibility of micro-ruptures and problems connected to them. The concept of platform switching improved the aesthetics outcome of the procedure; this fact is a consequence of the positive influence of upgrades on both the soft and the hard tissue. The use of verified implant systems diminishes the possibility of technical and biological complications and enables predictive therapy planning, which are factors that contribute to the overall satisfaction of the patients.