Kvalitativna i kvantitativna analiza hidroksiestera masnih kiselina u hrani biljnoga podrijetla

Pretilost, upala, inzulinska rezistencija, hiperglikemija, dislipidemija i hipertenzija značajni su čimbenici rizika za kardiovaskularni morbiditet i mortalitet. Nedavno otkriven razred hidroksiestera masnih kiselina (engl. Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids, FAHFA) djeluje protuupalno, inzulinsenzitizirajuće i hipoglikemizantno, a razina im je snižena u inzulin-rezistentnih pojedinaca. Cilj istraživanja je detaljno kvalificirati i kvantificirati FAHFA u hrani biljnog porijekla, budući da je do sada istražen njihov djelomičan sastav samo u jabuci, brokuli, jajetu, piletini i govedini. Analizirano je 20 namirnica iz svakodnevne prehrane te jelovnika za metaboličku optimizaciju. U analizi je primijenjena nova tehnika: ionizacija u negativnom načinu rada spektrometra masa na nanoLC-ESIMS hifeniranom sustavu uz primjenu postkolumnog modifikatora. Obuhvaćeno je 16 FAHFA, izmjerene su nanogramske količine uz značajnu varijabilnost među namirnicama. Najviše koncentracije nađene su u zobi. U hrani s metaboličkim benefitima SAHSA (engl. Stearic acid hydroxystearic acid) je bila najzastupljenija FAHFA, dok PAHSA (engl. Palmitic acid hydroxystearic acid), jedine prethodno istraživane u antihiperglikemijskom i inzulin-senzitizirajućem smislu, u nekim vrstama hrane uopće nema. Ovo je istraživanje, uz razvoj novih analitičkih metoda, dovelo do novih spoznaja o FAHFA sastavu hrane te ukazalo na važnost otkrivanja istog u što većem broju namirnica. Cilj je u budućnosti hranu bogatiju FAHFA inkorporirati u jelovnike za metaboličku optimizaciju te pronaći adekvatne nosače FAHFA, kako bi se ciljne namirnice mogle njima obogaćivati. Obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension are risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recently discovered fatty acids (Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids, FAHFA) provide antiinflammatory, insulin-sensitizing and glucose-lowering effect, and show a decreased level in insulin-resistant individuals. Aim of this study was a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of FAHFA in plant foods, as to date only partial analyses in apple, broccoli, egg, chicken and beef are performed. In this study, 20 plant foods from everyday meals and diet plans for metabolic normalization were analysed. Analysis included a new technique: negative ionization mode of nanoLC-ESI-mass spectrometry system and postcolumn modifier addition. 16 FAHFA were analysed (hydroxyesters of palmitic, oleic, palmitoleic and stearic acids). Nanogram levels were detected, showing a significant interfood variability. Highest concentrations were found in oat. In foods with metabolic benefits, SAHSA (stearic acid hydroxystearic acid) was the most abundant FAHFA, whereas PAHSA (palmitic acid hydroxystearic acid), the only FAHFA previously investigated in anti-hyperglycemic and insulin-sensitizing manner, showed no presence in some foods. This study, along with development of new analytic methods, provided new knowledge about FAHFA composition of foods and emphasized the importance of further research in extended number of foods. Future aims are to enable incorporation of FAHFA-rich foods into diet plans targeting metabolic control, and to find adequate FAHFA carriers that could enable food enrichment.