Geostatistical approach to determine the effects of different soil tillage methods on penetration resistance in a clayey soil

k, selvi/0000-0002-9912-8586 WOS: 000413658800004 In this study carried out in 2011 and 2012, the effects of four different tillage practices [plow + disc harrow + rotary tiller + direct seeding machine (TP1), chisel + disc harrow + rotary tiller + direct seeding machine (TP2), plow + rotary tiller + direct seeding machine (TP3), direct drilling (TP4)] and control plot without planting (TP5) on the soil bulk density (BD), moisture content and penetration resistance of a clayey textured soil were evaluated in the central Black Sea Region of Turkey with a geostatistical approach. The values of soil compaction indicators were significantly greater under the TP4 treatment than in the case of TP1 and TP2 after harvest, especially at 20-40 cm depth in 2011 and 2012. Overall, our results suggest the avoidance of direct seeding practices in high clay content soils. Scientific Research Council of OndokuzMayis UniversityOndokuz Mayis University [PYO.ZRT.1901.011.013] The authors are grateful to The Scientific Research Council of OndokuzMayis University for financial support (project number PYO.ZRT.1901.011.013) and Gregory T. Sullivan of GPEM, University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia for editing the English in an earlier version of this manuscript.