Synthetic Proteins Designed Using Ternary Coding Patterns: From Nucleotide Information to Protein Structure, Function and Music

Binary and ternary coding patterns of the amino acid polarity play an important role in analysis and design of peptide and protein structures. Recent investigations made by different authors suggest that de novo proteins constructed using specific patterns of amino acid polarity could be used for different applications in science and nanotechnology. This paper presents a new rule-based system for the structural characterization and construction of de novo proteins, based on the ternary patterns of sequence polarity, i.e., polar amino acids (H, Q, N, K, D, E, R), neutral amino acids (S, P, T, W, G, Y), and nonpolar amino acids (F, L, I, M, V, A, C). The extracted rules may help to predict and design different supersecondary protein structures with high probability. Audification of the protein and gene sequences is discussed as a possible alternative/complementary method for the secondary and supersecondary structure analysis and design.