Archeologia del paesaggio a Jure Vetere: il proto monastero florense e le sue risorse territoriali

This essay examines how the territory of Jure Vetere was exploited during the monastic settlement founded by the monk Gioacchino (end of the XII century - first decades of the XIII century). The results of the exploitation are given by the computer application (GIS platform) that follows the method of the "site exploitation territory". The processed data on GIS were carried out considering an intense methodological survey of the territory of Jure Vetere and carrying out the excavations of the monastic structure. What should be pointed out is that thanks to the multi-disciplinary approach applied to the research of "Landscape Archaeology", other important information was collected thanks to the study of documented sources, ethnoarchaeological data, photo-interpretations, geological and geopedological research, pollen analysis, botanic and archaeometric macro-remains. The processed data helps us recognize the two main areas where the primary (raw) and secondary materials came from that were so necessary for monastic life. There was a functional internal basin that thoroughly exploited the resources available, an external basin necessary for the extensive complementary working activities. The analysis carried out on the GIS enable to calculate the cost of shift referred to time and to understand the dislocation of the different types of soil that could be exploited around the site( cost distance analysis). The analysis of the soil, considering both the quantitative and qualitative aspects, consider the different cultivations of the land and the productive capabilities. Thanks to this study, we can imagine where the quarries for construction material and the kilns for lime were located, together with the water supplies area, the areas used for grazing and wood exploitation. As regards the complementary exploitation of the basins which were located far away from the site, we can consider the use of these basins for winter grazing, for cultivation and as a place of rest during the long journeys that took the travellers from one place to another.