Thermodynamic data for the solubility of tin(IV) in aqueous cementitious environments

The solubility of Sn(IV) in cementitious systems is directly related to the presence of dissolved Ca. In the presence of typical Ca concentrations, solid Ca[Sn(OH)6](s) is precipitated, resulting in dissolved tin(IV) concentrations that are about four to six orders of magnitude lower than observed in alkaline, Ca-free systems. From different experiments carried out in initially oversaturated and undersaturated solutions, solubility products have been evaluated.