Remission induction chemotherapy induces in vivo caspase‐dependent apoptosis in bone marrow acute myeloid leukemia blast cells and spares lymphocytes

The goal of new therapeutic strategies is to adapt the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients to the prognostic and/or to the hematological response.We analyzed in vivo apoptosis induction in blast cells and in lymphocytes of AML patients receiving remission induction treatment.We show, on 12 peripheral blood samples, that the increase of peripheral apoptotic blast cells cannot be considered as the earliest marker of the treatment efficiency, because the significant increase of apoptosis followed the white blood cell and the peripheral blast cell count reductions, probably due to an efficient clearance of circulating apoptotic cells. Furthermore, the study of 65 bone marrow samples at d15 showed that the treatment induced apoptosis of blast cells while sparing the lymphocytes. This apoptosis was evidenced both at the caspase and at the membrane levels using respectively fmk‐VAD‐FITC and Annexin V binding assays. We found that less than 50% of apoptosis, measured with the fmk‐VAD‐FITC, in the d15 residual bone marrow blast cells, correlated with lower disease‐free survival probability.More studies are needed in larger series and earlier during the remission induction treatment to confirm the possible prognostic significance of in vivo apoptosis induction. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology