Blood-Sucking Flies Feeding on Sheep in Eastern Australia.

An investigation was undertaken to determine the species of blood-sucking flies which feed on sheep. Engorged insects were collected by a number of methods and their blood meals were identified by precipitin and haemagglutination inhibition tests. Sixteen species of mosquitoes attacked sheep, and of these Anopheles annulipes and Culex annulirostris dominated. Twelve species of biting midges in the genera Culicoides, Leptoconops and Lasiohelea were shown to bite sheep; the dominant species were C. marksi and C. breuitarsis. The simuliid Austrosimulium pestilens and the muscid Stomoxys calcitrans also fed on sheep. Some of these species also fed on other hosts-eight on ox, five on marsupials and one on horse. Four of the most widespread Culicoides species, C. brevitarsis, C. dycei, C. marksi and C. victoriae, fed on both sheep and ox, a factor of epidemiological significance in their potential role as vectors of arbovirus diseases of livestock.