A biological approach to characterizing exposure to metalworking fluids and risk of prostate cancer (United States)

Abstract Objective: Prostate cancer is hormone-related and chemicals that interfere with hormones may contribute to carcinogenesis. In a cohort of autoworkers we characterized exposure to metalworking fluids (MWF) into age windows with homogenous biological risk for prostate cancer, and examined exposure–response relationships using semi-parametric modeling.