A fourth species of Chrysobalanus(Chrysobalanaceae): an endemic tree in the Atlantic Forest

While studying Chrysobalanaceae from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we found some specimens from Espírito Santo State that were similar to each other, but had been attributed either to different genera or left undetermined. Morphological investigations led us to conclude that these collections represent a new species of the small genus Chrysobalanus, which is described herein as C. atlanticus. We provide a taxonomic treatment comprising a detailed morphological description, illustrations, a distributional map, a preliminary conservation assessment, and other taxonomic comments. Chrysobalanus atlanticusis known from four collections made at two localities that are in close proximity. It should be considered Data Deficient (DD) until additional material is found. This novelty reemphasizes the importance of preserving rainforest remnants in Espírito Santo and increasing botanical exploration in this region.