Immune reconstitution and evolution of B-cell–stimulating cytokines after R-CHOP therapy for HIV-associated DLBCL

•Lymphopenia is transient with a persistent lack of effector B cells causing no excess late infectious mortality after R-CHOP for HIV-DLBCL.•R-IPI, NK cell lymphopenia, lower proportion of naïve B cells among the B-cell pool and higher IL-6 levels were linked to poorer outcomes.