Otitis media sequelae and hearing in adolescence after administration of an 11-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in infancy: a prospective cohort study with long-term follow-up of the ARIVAC trial

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been shown in randomised controlled trials and epidemiological studies to prevent acute otitis media caused by vaccine serotype pneumococci, although their role in preventing complications of acute otitis media is less clear. We hypothesised that the 11-valent PCV would reduce the long-term sequelae of acute otitis media, including moderate-to-severe ear disease and hearing loss.