Phenanthrenes from Juncus articulatuswith Antibacterial and Biofilm Formation Inhibitory Activity

Continuing our search for bioactive compounds in species from the Juncaceae family, Juncus articulatuswas investigated. Ten previously undescribed phenanthrenes─articulins A–J (1–10)─and ten known compounds─juncuenin B, dehydrojuncuenin B, juncatrin B, ensifolins E, F, H, I, K, juncuenin D, and luzulin A (11–20)─along with other compounds, have been isolated and identified. The isolated compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Compounds 12and 14exhibited the most potent activity against planktonic and sessile MSSA and MRSA with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 15.1 μM (12for both bacterial strains) and 15.3 μM (14for both bacterial strains). Compounds 15, 17, and 18also exhibited activity against both strains, although to a lower extent, with MIC values ranging from 30.0 to 56.8 μM. The inhibition of biofilm formation of these compounds was observed at 15.1–114.3 μM. This study elucidates the phenanthrene composition of J. articulatusand the antibacterial effect of these compounds.