A Full-Metal Dual-Band Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array With Concomitant Multifold Orthogonal Beamforming for V2V and V2I Communications

This article introduces a millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication system with a concomitant multifold orthogonal beamforming (CMOB) antenna array to support vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. Through a single feed, the antenna triggers the TE₀₁₁ and TE₁₀₁ modes within the cavity, encompassing dual bands. Concurrently, it integrates slotted elements on various surfaces of the cavity to generate antenna beams distinguished by their orthogonal characteristics. A full-metal cavity provides high power handling capabilities without the need for complex feeding networks. For a 1×4 antenna array, we have employed three different designs: dual orthogonal beams, triple orthogonal beams, and quadruple orthogonal beams. This process is carried out to assess the viability of the designs and to fine-tune the shape of the quadruple orthogonal beams through optimization. Subsequently, a 1×4 antenna array featuring quadruple orthogonal beams is constructed and subjected to measurement. The gains of the array's orthogonal beams are 9.828 dBi and 9.655 dBi, which demonstrates a close correspondence with the simulated outcomes. This serves to affirm the practicality of the design approach.