Analysis of area and energy efficiency in Fruit-v2, Fruit-80 and Grain128AEAD for resource-constrained devices

There is a lot of increase in technology. As there are restrictions on the resources available, there is a need to implement lightweight stream ciphers. The ciphers are used for the encryption of data. So, the security of data is also an important factor. As handheld devices are increasing, the need for energy-efficient devices becomes more vital. Keeping all these requirements in mind, researchers have done much research on ciphers. The unrolling of stream ciphers showed the energy-efficient way to implement ciphers. In this paper, the unrolling of Fruit-v2, Fruit-80 and Grain128AEAD stream ciphers is discussed. Using Xilinx ISE Design Suite and Verilog HDL, simulation is performed for different unrolling factors. Using the Synopsys DC compiler, power and energy are calculated. The unrolling rounds for which the energy is optimised for Fruit-v2, Fruit-80 and Grain128AEAD are 16, 16, and 64, respectively. This paper discusses area, power and energy consumption.