The impact of shared mobility on metro ridership: The non-linear effects of bike-sharing and ride-hailing services

•We examine non-linear effects of bike-sharing and ride-hailing on metro ridership.•Ride-hailing complements metro more at night and at stations far from job center.•Bike-sharing boosts metro use more at stations near job center during peak hours.•The complementary effects of shared mobility on metro fade away in distance.