Fast MIMO Blind Detection via Modified MMA Approach Over the Stiefel Manifold

MIMO blind detection has recently attracted much attention due to its potential for the huge training overhead reduction. However, the unsatisfactory performance and slow running speed limit its practical applications. Motivated by this, this letter proposes a manifold optimization aid modified multi-modulus algorithm (MO-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{M}^{3}\text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) to address this problem. Specifically, by analyzing the interference of the multi-modulus algorithm (MMA) loss function, a novel weighted multi-modulus loss function is proposed to mitigate the original MMA loss interference for better signal recovery. Moreover, restricting the solution to the Stiefel manifold simplifies the problem, and the iteration is significantly faster by using the Riemannian gradient method. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MO-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{M}^{3}\text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> affords a more satisfactory bit error rate (BER) and a lower processing burden compared with those of the conventional methods.