Toughness behavior and deformation mechanisms in FCC-based Fe45Co30Cr10V10Ni5-xMnxhigh-entropy alloys: Insights from instrumented Charpy impact tests

This study investigated toughness properties of FCC-based Fe45Co30Cr10V10Ni5-xMnxhigh entropy alloys (HEAs). Ductile-dimpled rupture mode in all alloys and test temperatures complicated precise explanations on Charpy impact energy, but the instrumented Charpy test provided a breakdown of total energy (ET) into initiation energy (EI) and propagation energy (EP), offering critical insights into Mn-content- and temperature-related energy variations. Pmaxand TP, reflecting maximum flow stress and time, respectively, until initiation of crack propagation from the notch tip, involved a transition of deformation mechanisms from slip to TWIP, then to BCC-TRIP, thereby inducing increased strain hardening and delaying plastic instability at the notch tip. At 25 °C, an increase in Mn content prompted a transition in deformation behavior from slip to TWIP and subsequently to BCC-TRIP, correlating well with increased Pmaxand TPand consequently ETdue to enhanced strain hardenability. At −196 °C, predominant BCC-TRIP activity in all alloys led to increased formation of BCC martensite, intensifying strain hardening and requiring higher Pmaxfor crack initiation than at 25 °C. Due to minimal slip line field formation associated with reduced plastic deformation, however, cracks initiated directly from the notch-tip center, representing fast initiation of crack propagation and consequently reduction in EIand ET. Thus, utilizing parameters from instrumented Charpy tests, including Pmax, TP, EI, EP, and ET, provided insights into fracture phenomena and their interrelations in the present HEAs.