Integral Formulation for Losses Computation in Tripolar Submarine Cables With Shield Wires, Moisture Barriers, and Armor

Method-of-moments (MoMs) is coupled with partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) to compute Joule and hysteresis losses in the armor, shields, and moisture barriers (MBs) of a submarine tripolar cable. The large size and complex structure of the linear algebraic system resulting from the problem discretization demands for a suitably tailored solver. We describe a block–Gauß–Seidel preconditioner for Krylov subspace methods that allows for a matrix-free solver implementation, resulting in a dramatic reduction of computation time and memory requirements with respect to other brute-force modeling approaches.