A 4.5 Ps Precision TCSPC System: Design Principles and Characterization

With the recent advancements in single-photon detectors, very low-jitter timing systems are required to fully exploit their performance in real applications. In this article, we present the design principles and experimental characterization of a single-channel time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) system, that achieves a jitter down to 4.5 ps FWHM, a peak-to-peak differential nonlinearity of 1.5% LSB and a count rate of 12 Mcps over a nanoseconds full-scale range. These results have been attained by minimizing the different jitter contributions that are introduced at various levels in the whole timing chain, still without trading them off with the other performance parameters. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the state-of-the-art performance in case of a full-scale range as large as 12.5 ns.