Low-Frequency Stabilization of Dielectric Simulation Problems With Conductors and Insulators

When simulating resistive–capacitive (RC) circuits or electroquasistatic (EQS) problems where conductors and insulators coexist, one observes that large time steps or low frequencies lead to numerical instabilities, which are related to the condition number of the system matrix. Here, we propose several stable formulations by scaling the equation systems. This enables a reliable calculation of solutions for very low frequencies (even for the static case), or large time steps. Numerical experiments underline the findings.