Textile geometry associated with advanced nanomaterials for high rate supercapacitors

In modern wearable electronics, textile-based supercapacitors have attracted significant attention in the field of energy storage systems owing to their flexibility, wearability, and stretchability, and have worked as an alternative emerging energy source for non-renewable energies besides meeting the daily energy demand. The review summarized the state of the art in textile-based supercapacitors and added new knowledge about emerging electrode materials, electrolytes, separators, and textile current collectors to help us understand how these components contribute to the development of high-rate supercapacitors. In order to improve the electrochemical performance of the textile-based supercapacitor, we begin by reviewing the fundamentals of different electrode materials, such as MXene, polyoxometalate, black phosphorus, metal-organic frameworks, and functionalized materials such as Schiff base ligand doped and co-doping agents. Then, appropriate electrolytes—including aqueous, non-aqueous, ionic, and redox mediator gel polymers—are added to widen the potential window, as discussed in the next section. Following that, the flexible separator (such as gel polymer, woven and nonwoven textiles, and cellulose), which prevents the short circuit, and the engineering of textile structures of one dimension (1D), two dimensions (2D), and three dimensions (3D) were also studied. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of this emerging field are also highlighted.