Shock wave assisted intracellular delivery of antibiotics against bone infection with Staphylococcus aureusvia P2X7 receptors

Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis (bone infection) remains a clinical challenge; in particular, it requires enhanced delivery of antibiotic drugs for the treatment of intracellular Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), which prevents infection recurrence and resistance. Previous studies have found that noninvasive shock waves used to treat musculoskeletal diseases can alter cell permeability, however, it is unclear whether shock waves alter cell membrane permeability in chronic osteomyelitis. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether such changes in permeability promote the entry of antibiotics into osteoblasts to exert antibacterial effects.