Antibiotic Resistance Microbes’ (ARM) Mechanisms and Management: A Phytomedicinal Approach

Chemical substances known as antibiotics work to inhibit the division of bacteria (bacteriostasis) or to actually kill the bacteria (bactericidal). Microbes that are resistant to antibiotics have been called “nightmare bacteria” and have been said to “represent a catastrophic threat” to human health on a worldwide scale. The genetic basis of antibiotic resistance in superbugs has evolved through the acquisition of a resistant determinant via horizontal gene transfer, which makes the exploration of phytomedicinal remedy a no-brainer eliciting good success in superbug-causing maladies. In this review, we juxtaposed the phytomedicinal approach for the management of Antibiotics Resistance microbes (ARM). Nigella sativa, black pepper (Piper nigrumL.), thyme essential oils and many other plants’ phytochemical, and medicinal compounds were dissected in this review. These plants have proved to possess medicinal and pharmacological properties in ameliorating the burden of antibiotic resistance microbes responsible for nosocomial infection mortality. Our literature review considered these ethno-botanical plants and their essential oils as members of the kingdom of medicinal agents, which includes a variety of bioactive compounds with potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications as well as synergistic plants’ phyto-compounds-broad spectrum drugs dynamics. On the basis of knowledge gaps, suggestions have been made for systematic evaluation of plant derivatives for the development of plant-based medicines and nutraceuticals, as well as for the evaluation of their clinical efficacy and safety on resistance to antibiotics.