Comparative analysis of the molecular response characteristics in Platycodon grandiflorusirradiated with heavy ion beams and X-rays

•The biological effects of heavy ion beams and X-rays irradiations on Platycodon grandiflorus in the first generation were compared.•Two different physical mutagens induced different gene and protein expression patterns.•Heavy ion beams and X-rays had different effects on plant antioxidant response and DNA damage repair system.