Excess mortality after kidney transplantation: does sex matter?

Understanding sex differences in graft outcomes within the course of kidney transplantation is needed to unravel factors leading to the observed disparities and further improve patient management. In this issue, Vinson et al.presented a relative survival analysis comparing the excess risk of mortality in female and male recipients after kidney transplantation. This commentary discusses the major findings but also the challenges of the use of registry data to conduct large-scale analyses.