Effect of ospemifene on vaginal microbiome in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy

This study analyzed the vaginal microbiome profiles in postmenopausal women with and without vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and assessed the effect of ospemifene and systemic hormone treatment on the vaginal microbiome of women with VVA. Women with VVA were characterized by a signifi cant reduction of Lactobacillus and a significant increase of bacterial diversity compared to women without VVA; both treatments improved vaginal microbiota, and ospemifene reduced potential harmful bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Clostridium.