Evaluation methods of biomimetic development: how can topics be compared and selected?

Biomimetics is a technology that utilises biological structures for manufacturing and is attracting attention in a wide range of fields globally. However, there are challenges in sharing and communicating development between researchers with different specialties. Biomimetic developments have conventionally been expressed in terms of unique or unconnected indicators, which makes it difficult for outsiders to understand and compare different topics. In this study, evaluation guidelines were developed for effective sharing and comparing across specialties. As the method is directly related to actual development, this study presents a new methodological framework for use in the target-setting phase. Several indicators and criteria for both biology and engineering were set up, proposing ways of evaluating and expressing development topics. Furthermore, actual evaluations and comparisons were performed on several examples. This study discusses the possible outcomes from the evaluated results, the applied use and the challenges of the evaluation method. A major advancement came with the use of composite indicators to evaluate results, which can be easily compared with other topics. It is expected to contribute to smoother communication and process and to support decisions on the direction of development.