Effect of roughness small scales on the adhesion of randomly rough surfaces with high fractal dimension

Surface roughness affects several tribological phenomena like adhesion. In this work, JKR-like experimental tests were performed between Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) spherical samples and flat glass substrates with different surface roughness properties. Data were interpreted in the light of classical JKR theory. We find that adhesion is destroyed by roughness in agreement with the most common and well-known results in the literature. However, from the analysis of the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the surfaces, it emerges that the smaller scales of roughness have a greater influence on the surface adhesion energy in the range of the high fractal dimensions (D> 2.5). In this range, for surfaces with the same root mean square (RMS) roughness amplitude hrms, which is mainly affected by large scale roughness, the pull-off force (i.e., the maximum tensile force reached during the retracting phase) is observed reducing by increasing the RMS slope of the surface roughness hrms′, that is by changing the roughness content at the small scales. This result agrees with recent theoretical findings and has never been shown experimentally in the literature to the best of our knowledge.