Synthesis and Electrochemical Characteristics of Flowerlike Hierarchically Nanostructured ZnO Film

Multilayer ZnO films fabricated by the combination of sol-gel and aqueous solution deposition routes exhibit many flowerlike clusters with the diameter of 2–4μmon their top layer. Each flowerlike cluster is an assembly of nanoparticles 20–30nmin diameter. The investigation of electrochemical properties, phase, and composition of the ZnO film before and after cyclic voltammetric measurement revealed that the reaction mechanism of lithium with ZnO in our growth method differs from those from the literature. The proposed reversible electrochemical reactions would potentially cause the improvement of capacity retention and the enhancement of cycling performance, which might break the reported negative conclusions such as poor cycling on lithium storage in ZnO.