Rational Design of Metal-Alkoxide-Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks for Synergistic Dual Activation of CH4and CO2toward Acetic Acid Synthesis

The concurrent conversion of CH4and CO2into acetic acid is an ideal route to migrate the two greenhouse gases and manufacture a high-value-added C2product with an atom economy of 100% but remains challenging due to the chemical inertness of both gases. By leveraging density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we report herein the computational design of metal-alkoxide-functionalized metal–organic framework (MOF) UiO-67 with well-defined dual sites that can activate CH4and CO2cooperatively to boost acetic acid synthesis. The dual sites are distributed on two adjacent functionalized organic linkers originating from the same node and feature a metal–metal distance of about 6–7 Å. Initially, a total of 13 single-site metal-alkoxide-functionalized UiO-67s (including three alkaline earth metals and 10 transition metals) are examined; then, favorable metal-alkoxides are identified and further used to design dual-site metal-alkoxide-functionalized UiO-67s for converting CH4and CO2into acetic acid. Detailed mechanistic investigation predicts that the dual-site UiO-67s functionalized with Mn-, Fe-, Co-, Ni-. and Zn-alkoxide are highly promising catalysts for this reaction. Compared to the single-site counterparts, the metal pair-site UiO-67s provide a subtle microenvironment for synergistic dual activation of CH4and CO2, thus efficiently stabilizing the transition state and substantially reducing the reaction barrier for C–C coupling. The microscopic insights and design strategies in this work might advance the development of efficient MOF-based catalysts with built-in cooperative active sites toward direct acetic acid synthesis from CH4and CO2.