Nitrogen-rich azoles as trifunctional electrolyte additives for high-performance lithium-sulfur battery

Nitrogen-rich azoles, i.e., triazole (Ta) and tetrazole (Tta), as electrolyte additives afford the strong chemisorption to lithium polysulfides, thus guiding the configurations of Li2Sx-Ta/Tta complexes. In electrolyte, the azoles also enhance the ionic conductivity and lithium transference number. In addition, the Ta/Tta also participate the formation of SEI and promote the uniform Li deposition. The introduction of azoles endows the improved cycling performance of Li-S and Li-organosulfide batteries.