Mechanisms of myelin repair, MRI techniques and therapeutic opportunities in multiple sclerosis

•Remyelination is a key process following demyelinating insult in multiple sclerosis and its impairment has been associated with neurodegeneration.•Visualizing and measuring remyelination in-vivoremains challenging. Advanced MRI sequences have proven to be useful for evaluate myelin content, such as magnetization transfer Imaging, myelin water imaging and model-free diffusion MRI.•Promising clinical trials with remyelinating promoting agents have been conducted on past years.•Future trials with remyelinating agents can perform different advanced imaging MRI modalities to better understand the biological effects of treatments in myelin content.