Detection of Adelges tsugae(Hemiptera: Adelgidae) wool using Velcro-covered balls

AbstractAdelges tsugaeAnnand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a nonindigenous insect pest of hemlock (Tsugaspp.) (Pinaceae) in eastern North America, spends most of its life cycle within an ovisac, which resembles a woolly white mass on twigs. We evaluated the probability of detecting adelgid wool with Velcro®-covered balls when taking an increasing number of samples per tree (field sampling) and number of trees per simulated stand. We examined the relationship between the detection of adelgid wool using this technique and the incidence of A. tsugae-infested twigs by sampling lower-crown branch tips of the same trees. We found that the probability of detecting wool with ball sampling increased with number of ball samples per tree, with number of trees per simulated stand, and with increasing incidence of ovisacs in the lower crown. When sampling an individual tree, we found that 20 ball samples per tree achieved a targeted precision level of 0.75, but when sampling a stand, we found that 10 ball samples per tree took the least time for the range of simulated A. tsugaeinfestations we tested. These sample sizes are recommended for detection of A. tsugaeinfestations on an individual tree and in a hemlock stand.