Ultra-high Pressure Treatment Controls In VitroFecal Fermentation Rate of Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Rosa RoxburghiiTratt Pomace and Induces Butyrogenic Shifts in Microbiota Composition

Dietary fiber has been considered a key element in shaping the beneficial host–microbe symbiosis. In the present study, we identified Rosa roxburghiiTratt fruits as a promising dietary fiber source. The physicochemical properties and in vitrofermentability by human fecal microbes of R. roxburghiipomace water insoluble dietary fiber (RIDF) obtained from ultrasonic extraction and ultrahigh pressure (90 MPa)-treated RIDF (RIDF-90) were compared to those of R. roxburghiiTratt pomace (R). Ultrahigh pressure modification significantly increased the water holding, oil holding, and swelling capacity of RIDF-90 in comparison to R and RIDF. RIDF-90 displayed the slowest fermentation rate yet yielded the highest butyrate production. The superior butyrogenic properties of both RIDF-90 and, in part, RIDF were reflected by increased Coprococcusand Ruminococcuslevels, demonstrating that ultrasonic extraction and/or further ultrahigh pressure treatment of insoluble fibers promotes the prebiotic value of R. roxburghiiTratt.