Coexpression of Interleukin-12 Chains by a Self-Splicing Vector Increases the Protective Cellular Immune Response of DNA and Mycobacterium bovisBCG Vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACTMore effective vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosismay contribute to the control of this major human pathogen. DNA vaccines encoding single mycobacterial proteins stimulate antimycobacterial T-cell responses and induce partial protection against M. tuberculosisin animal models. The protective efficacy of these vaccines encoding a single antigen, however, has been less than that afforded by the current vaccine, Mycobacterium bovisbacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The heterodimeric cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) potentiates the induction and maintenance of the type 1 helper T-cell response. We have developed a novel self-splicing vector based on the 2A protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus that permits the coordinate expression of both chains of IL-12 (p2AIL12). Coimmunization with this vector and DNA expressing M. tuberculosisantigen 85B or MPT64 enhanced the specific lymphocyte proliferative response and increased the frequency of specific gamma interferon-secreting T cells against the whole protein and a defined CD8+T-cell epitope on MPT64. Further, coimmunizing with p2AIL12 significantly increased the protective efficacy of DNA-85 in the lung against an aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosisto the level achieved with BCG. Therefore, codelivery of an IL-12-secreting plasmid may be a potent strategy for enhancing the protective efficacy of vaccines against M. tuberculosis.