Rabies vaccination and multiple sclerosis relapse: A retrospective cohort study

•Safety data on rabies vaccination in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) are lacking.•It is unknown whether MS patients have an increased for relapse after RV.•A self-controlled retrospective cohort of 55 MS patients was followed in the year before and the year after prophylactic RV.•There were fewer relapses in the year after vaccination, including the three-month post-vaccination exposure period, than in the year before.•Rabies vaccination was not associated with MS relapse.