Ctcfhaploinsufficiency mediates intron retention in a tissue-specific manner

ABSTRACTCTCF is a master regulator of gene transcription and chromatin organisation with occupancy at thousands of DNA target sites genome-wide. While CTCF is essential for cell survival, CTCF haploinsufficiency is associated with tumour development and hypermethylation. Increasing evidence demonstrates CTCF as a key player in several mechanisms regulating alternative splicing (AS), however, the genome-wide impact of Ctcfdosage on AS has not been investigated.We examined the effect of Ctcfhaploinsufficiency on gene expression and AS in five tissues from Ctcfhemizygous (Ctcf+/-) mice. Reduced Ctcflevels caused distinct tissue-specific differences in gene expression and AS in all tissues. An increase in intron retention (IR) was observed in Ctcf+/-liver and kidney. In liver, this specifically impacted genes associated with cytoskeletal organisation, splicing and metabolism. Strikingly, most differentially retained introns were short, with a high GC content and enriched in Ctcf binding sites in their proximal upstream genomic region. This study provides new insights into the effects of CTCFhaploinsufficiency on organ transcriptomes and the role of CTCF in AS regulation.