An intelligent energy management system to use parking lots as energy storage systems in smoothing short-term power fluctuations of renewable resources

•A heuristic-based energy management system is designed to smooth the RES output power.•Short-term power fluctuations of RES are smoothed without need for installation of battery energy storage system.•Balance of the number of switching actions among the EV batteries in IPLs is precisely preserved.•A comprehensive model is presented for IPLs in a smart city.•Simulations are carried out on a large-smart city case.