A Unique Mechanism for Dielectric-Temperature Stability of BaTiO3-Based Ceramics Using Ba(OH)2/TiO2Suspension

A comparison between poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-formed (TYPE-I), Ba(OH)2/TiO2[Ba/Ti] suspension-formed (TYPE-II), and cold isostatic pressed (CIP) pellets (TYPE-II+CIP) of 0.9BaTi1–xCaxO3-x–0.1BiAlO3(x= 0.005–0.03) was investigated. The nominal composition of BiAlO3was kept constant at a limit of 0.1 in order to resolve the effect of Ca-substitution to the Ti-site. The experimental interpretations of the processing structure–property relationship explicitly support the effectiveness of Ba(OH)2/TiO2suspension, as expounded by efficient characterizations with regard to the thermal properties, phase structures, density developments, dielectric properties, microstructure progressions, and impedance analysis response to temperature. Thus, we present XRD analyses and SEM and TEM images that relate the basic underlying dielectric-temperature stability mechanism to the evolutionary dynamics of B-site substitution and core–shell morphology in a densified microstructure (TYPE-II: 5.723–5.919 g/cm3, TYPE-II+CIP: 5.784–5.938 g/cm3) of a submicrometer grain size (TYPE-II: 0.32–0.8 μm, TYPE-II+CIP: 0.23–0.71 μm). Apart from enhancing low-temperature sintering, this is the first time a Ba(OH)2/TiO2precursor suspension has been incorporated as a unique mechanism to effect a wide-range X8R dielectric material.