Productivity and bioactivity of enokipodins A–D of Flammulina rossicaand Flammulina velutipes

ABSTRACTEnokipodins are antimicrobial sesquiterpenes produced by Flammulina velutipesin a mycelial culture medium. To date, enokipodin production has not been reported in other members of the genus Flammulina. Hence, in this study, the production of enokipodins A, B, C, and D by F. velutipesand F. rossicawas investigated. Some strains of F. rossicawere confirmed to produce at least one of the four enokipodins in the culture medium. However, some strains of F. velutipesdid not produce any of the enokipodins. In an antibacterial assay using liquid medium, enokipodin B showed the strongest growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilisamong the four types of enokipodins. Enokipodin B inhibited the spore germination of some plant pathogenic fungi. Enokipodins B and D exerted moderate anti-proliferative activity against some cancer cell lines, and enokipodins A and C inhibited the proliferation of the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.